American Culture And The Influence Of Music - 1397 Words

American Culture and the Influence of Music â€Å"There s something missing in the music industry today... and it s music. Songs you hear don t last, it s just product fed to you by the industry.† – Jimmy Buffet. These words by Buffet highlight the drastic changes in music culture over the years. The mainstream music today is brief. Modern songs are composed to be hits at the moment and forgotten later, which results in ephemeral products that stay in the annals of music history. The popular genres’ quality steadily deteriorates. Originally, music was melodic, less strident, personal, and concocted by people who really loved and were passionate towards it. They resound and have musical offspring, unlike today’s superficial and meaningless music. Certainly, there are modern artists with good track records who enjoy talent and fame for their repercussion in society. However, it is clear how the worldliness that now typifies the pop culture, interferes with art. This is due to the audience’s acc eptance of music containing lyrics that encourages all kinds of indecorous behavior. Although, Beyoncà © is known for being the third most honored women in Grammy Award history and a global symbol of female empowerment, her song â€Å"Partition† should be avoided because it lacks emotion, encourages teen pregnancy, and has lyrics crowded with unintelligible pop-culture references. The first reason to avoid Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s song â€Å"Partition† is the lack of emotion. The music, like any art form, is aShow MoreRelatedCarlos Augusto Alves Santana s Influence On American Rock And Roll Artist And The Music Of His Culture1491 Words   |  6 Pages1947 in Autlan de Navorro, Mexico to Josefina Barragan de Santana and Jose Santana. Growing up he was influenced by American Rock and Roll artist and the music of his culture. Carlos is a self-taught guitar virtuoso and has played with many famous artist over the last forty-seven years and has been the major influence for the Latin Rock genre. He has won numerous awards for his music and philanthropy. 2. Career Beginnings Jose Santana was a professional mariachi violinist and insisted Carlos learnRead MoreInfluence of Music Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesInfluence of Music Hannah Ferguson HUM/176 Influence of Music Music and radio has roots in American culture and the way society is today. The different types of music genres have shaped American culture and social behavior of Americans. Audio media has had a major affect and influence on the attitudes of Americans and especially today’s youth and young adults. Music and radio has given American culture its values, the way that jazz, blues, and Ramp;B created rock amp; roll, musicRead MoreAfrican American People Have Had It Rough For Years1522 Words   |  7 Pages African American people have had it rough for years. But over time, they have influenced us beyond belief. One of the main things they influenced was music. So I am here to explain to you how the African American culture has done just that! For centuries, the color blue has been associated with sadness. By the mid- nineteenth century the expression â€Å"the blues,† was commonly known in this way. Throughout history, the blues was a regular feeling that African Americans experiencedRead MoreJazz And Jazz Culture1273 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is culture? What is African culture? What is Jazz music and where did it come from? How can one culture, in a sense, impact the musical landscape of the whole Western world and eventually assimilate into ‘pop’ culture? 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It is from Africa that all of today’s Black American music whether it be Jazz, Rhythm and Blues Soul or Electro music etc., is either indirectly or directly descended from all African culture a nd tradition. Today, Hip-hop music in America is generally considered to have been pioneered out of New York s South Bronx in the early 1970’s by a Jamaican-born DJ Herc. By the time mid-1970s, New York s hip-hopRead MoreMusic and the American Culture Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesMusic has played a vital role in human culture and evidence based on archaeological sites can date it back to prehistoric times. It can be traced through almost all civilizations in one form or another. As time has progressed so has the music and the influences it has on people. Music is an important part of popular culture throughout the world, but it is especially popular in the United States. 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Hip-Hop music highlights verses consisting of slang and catchy phrases, which someRead MoreRap Music : Influence On Violent Behavior1379 Words   |  6 PagesRAP MUSIC’S INFLUENCE ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES: A REVIEW Kaland Farrow Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University  RAP MUSIC’S INFLUENCE ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES: A REVIEW Rap music is derived from Hip Hop culture which is deeply rooted in the African American community. The word, rap, has a Middle English origin. Originally, rap means to beat or strike. Beginning in the 1960s, African Americans gave the word another definition. In the black communityRead MoreSomething for Nothing: The Art of Rap1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe influence of Hip-Hop has never been as great as it is in this day and age. Often dismissed by a majority of America as simply a fad, hip hop has become a global phenomenon and has arguably been the most popular form of music for the past three decades. Hip-Hop has influenced art, language, fashion, culture, and sports. This music has been used to teach elementary level children, it has been taught in undergraduate universities and serves as a bridge for hundreds of philanthropies. The influence

Personal Narrative Essay My Dream Hunting Camp - 1011 Words

Dream Hunting Camp As you can probably tell from the title, I love hunting. Everyday I dream of going out and sitting patiently; just waiting for the perfect broadside shot on a whitetail. Hunting is what i love to do the most, and if this place really existed i would never come back from it. I first went hunting when i was 9 years old with my dad. My dad has always loved hunting and wanted to show me what it was all about and why he did it. I hope that one day that I will get some land of my own further south and have a hunting camp of my own. I have been to a hunting camp that belongs to one of my dad’s friends, and it’s pretty cool, but it is not anything like what my dream camp would be. My hunting camp would be pretty far south†¦show more content†¦The stands wouldn’t be that close to the trails cause you wouldn’t want to scare the deer when you go to your stand. Some of the stands would be tri-pod style, two man stands, ladder stands, grounds blinds, and prett y much everything else you could think of. I would have deer feeders about 20 yards to 40 yards away from each stand so that way they feel comfortable in each of those spots. The cabin would have stone floors and an old fashioned wood heater in every room. There would also be a pool table behind the sitting room with a 72† flat screen tv. There would also be a bar to the side of the pool table so that way when you are playing you can go over to the bar and make yourself a drink. The bar would have very soft cushions and will be able to adjust height. There would also be dimming lights inside of the ceiling above the bar, the pool table, the kitchen, and the sitting room. There would also be a big garage for all of the four wheelers to be in when you are not using them. On the wall in the sitting room, I would have gun mounts for all of my rifles and shotguns to sit until I take them out to hunt. The bathroom would have camo curtains and a camo seat on the toilet. More dimming lights would be in there, too. The bathroom would be painted a camo green with brown trimming and leaves painted on the wall every now and then. There would be a cabinet with extra toilet paper and towels for when you take a shower or wash your hands. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Georg Lukacs, quot;the Ideology of Modernismquot;7555 Words   |  31 Pagesideologically charged realism, as the only good way to write, Lukacs had to set himself in opposition to the literary movement that had superseded realism in the West, modernism (writers like James Joyce, William Faulkner, Robert Musil, and so on). This essay is his attempt to distinguish the two absolutely, in favor of course of realism. Basically, for Lukacs (and for the Soviet Union), modernism is the last desperate cry of a dying economic system, capitalism. As late capitalism crumbles, it generatesRead MoreAgrarian Magic: 20 Theories on the Origin of Religion8239 Words   |  33 Pagesextended to all objects whether animate or inanimate. The experience of dreams, visions, and hallucinations are thought to be the impetus of this belief in ethereal doppelgangers or astral projections of selfhood. 5. Religion as Ancestor Worship In 1873 the philosopher and proto-psychologist Herbert Spencer â€Å"traced the origin of religion in the respect given to ancestors combined with beliefs in ghosts and fairies caused by dream experience. According to Spencer the ghosts of ancestors were transformedRead MoreFor Against by L.G. 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For the 2012 edition: This book is dedicated to my wife Hellan whose good advice has improved the book in many ways. vi Table of Contents Preface.............................................................Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDiversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implications for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than WomenRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. 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Reorganization Essay Example For Students

Reorganization Essay ReorganizationA Company which have 100 people, has just gone into liquidation, being unable tomanufacture furniture of sufficient quality and provide enough to satisfy thedemand for it. In order to solve the problem, we have already thought up a plan. The bank manager have already accepts the financial and marketing aspects of theplan, but he is unsure of my management ability and how I would improve theorganisation and management of the collectively brought about the companysdownfall. So I am now have to reassure him and persuade him that I know not onlyhow to manage people, but also how to set up and organise appropriate businessprocesses. For the business problem that we are working with. It is require a range ofskilful and craft workers, So that the aim of the plan is to provide a goodquality and sufficient amount of products. Satisfy the demand for it. Show thatplan to the bank manager, give him a confidence. So that we can borrow thisbudget form him then we can put the company on track again. These are all internal problems within the company; management of workers,suppliers, costs and budget. THE OBJECTIVE. FIRST the workers. Due to the fact that it must have the following problem insuppliers area. The quality of the raw material must have not reach the standardthat is aimed. For examples: the may ordered some cheap materials or expensiveraw materials where they can have poor quality of work done with the expensivematerials and good quality of materials done by poor quality of work or it couldbe the other way round. So it need to reorganise and have real thought about it. For the problem which just mention can be relayed to the workers. The workersalso have problem in; not happy with their salary, relationship problems betweenall workers themselves (neighbour trouble), also not happy with their rawmaterials where they are working with. To solve the problem above I must monitor in depth on the suppliers. Look attheir raw material that they are provided and communicate with the craft workersand see if the materials are what they really want and what really keen onworking with e.g. a worker may not be happy working with pine wood because hething pine wood is not the right raw material e.g. too light or not metspecification for the furniture or some other strange reason and where I mustreally consider about his thought rather than just do what I wanted to do. In other words if Ive ordered some expensive raw materials, but it still end upwith poor quality of product. There may be a problem something like between therelationship of workers (neighbour trouble). Some one may have argue with somebody and cause problem with the communication. Other possible case where theyhave neighbour troubles are, not happy with their working environment e.g. theworking environment are too cold or too hot, bad air condition etc. These allhave got to be done even those need to cost more overhead. Sometimes workerswill unhappy with the company with sensitive saturation like asking to increasetheir salary. So that we must try convince them, tell them the saturation, butnot telling them we are in liquidation saturation. But something like thequality of our product arent good enough at the moment so that we need all ofyou to give twice as much as effort to the furniture that you are working withand guarantee you will have more salary. One other strategy is to set up acompetition for getting a premium salaries race between workers. Also buyingmachinery are important for the apposite. That will help the workers do lesswork and save their power and energy. We will take action straight away soon wehave got the money. However the workers must be satisfied. And work happily intheir working environment and give them the best morality to let them achievetheir best performance on the products. .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 , .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 .postImageUrl , .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 , .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760:hover , .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760:visited , .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760:active { border:0!important; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760:active , .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760 .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u765ec60ca06b7c58cf4e550ccd58c760:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Greek Mythology EssayAnother saturation is where the worker are really not very good for their worki.e. poor of work which I will go through them, ask them a lot of questions. Orby employing a supervisor for the responsibility for all workers see if theirreally can do the job up to the standard. And if they did really bad things tothe company then sack them and employ new workers. All new workers are going tobe well train before they are going to do the actual job even those they havelots of experiment in this area. SECOND the supplier. We must have a good relationship between the company andthe supplier in order to reduce the cost of overhead. For example, order a largeamount of the raw materials, let the supplier make more profits at a time. THIRD cut the cost. This is probably the most important thing in our case. Forabove solution e.g. buying good raw material, machinery, employing supervisoretc. these all need quite a lot of extra money by the time we have solve theabove salutation. Cost could be cut on the overhead, e.g. the electricity we areusing, administration expenses, factory expenses etc. just any thing that couldbe think of but it wont affect the workers and the products. e.g. salary. FOURTH the budget. We now gone into liquidation. One of the reason is from thebudget. If this time we can borrow the money from the bank manager. We must havea budget forecast. A forecast of fix cost must be done in the coming year (acash flow forecast) to keep the budget right. We have to think positive. So ifthere is a big increase like wood are more expensive in the coming year, workersask for more salary, machine down time and the fixing cost are more than whatwe thought or any thing on that line. We must first think how we going to attainmore money to match it. A cash flow forecast can be done by Regression bycollecting all raw data. And put all the data into a computerise system. Than welook at the expenses. And the expenses have got to match. If we have anincidence next year that couldnt match the cost. We have to increase the price. However it is better than nothing.

Salutary neglect Essay Example

Salutary neglect Essay During the middle-years of the development of the colonies, Britain let go of their colonial possessions, and let the colonies be a freestanding nation for a period of time in order for Britain to pursue political and military ventures elsewhere. This policy of salutary neglect gave the colonists a taste of freedom from the crown, and it gave the colonies a warming-up period to start their own legislature, commercial transactions, and religious affiliations. The colonies from early on have created and maintained their own forms of self-government. Since the Virginia House of Burgesses was founded, political relations with England have been on the decline. British colonialists consider themselves part of their respective colonial governments, but they still feel strong ties back to Britain. This causes tension between the colonies and Britain because the colonies want Britain to acknowledge them and support them, but Britain ignores the colonies for a long period of time in order to p ursue its own affairs. When Britain is in economic strife, parliament tries to raise taxes over in the colonies to support the mother country, but by that time, most colonists do not wish to serve Britain because they have been getting along fine without the mother countrys support. By ignoring the colonies, Britain has made them stronger than imaginable. While being ignored by the super-power, colonialists needed to create new ties with other countries to trade their cash crops with. In doing so, the trade was in direct violation of the British Navigation Acts which prohibited trade with any other country except Britain. The British again ignored the colonial activities because in the end the gold that was traded to the colonies for crops worked its way back to Britain eventually. By trying to serve their own selfish interests, the British added fuel to the fire by allowing colonials to create economic contacts outside the mother country making it eas

General Philip Kearny in the Civil War

General Philip Kearny in the Civil War Major General Philip Kearny, Jr. was a renowned soldier who saw service with US and French Armies. A native of New Jersey, he distinguished himself in the Mexican-American War where he lost his left arm and later served in Emperor Napoleon IIIs forces during the Second War of Italian Independence. Returning to the United States after the outbreak of the Civil War, Kearny quickly gained a position of prominence in the Army of the Potomac. A tenacious fighter who relentlessly trained his men, he earned the nickname One-Armed Devil from the Confederates. Kearnys career ended on September 1, 1862, when his was killed leading his men at the  Battle of Chantilly. Early Life Born June 2, 1815, Philip Kearny, Jr. was the son of Philip Kearny, Sr. and Susan Watts. Leading one of New York Citys richest families, the Harvard-educated Kearny, Sr. had made his fortune as a financier. The familys situation was bolstered by the immense wealth of Susan Watts father, John Watts, who had served as New York Citys last Royal Recorder in the years before the American Revolution. Raised on the familys estates in New York and New Jersey, the younger Kearny lost his mother when he was seven. Known as a stubborn and temperamental child, he showed a gift for horsemanship and was an expert rider by age eight. As patriarch of the family, Kearnys grandfather soon took responsibility for his upbringing. Increasingly impressed with his uncles, Stephen W. Kearny, military career, the young Kearny expressed a desire to enter the military. Into the Army These ambitions were blocked by his grandfather who desired that he pursue a career in law. As a result, Kearny was compelled to attend Columbia College. Graduating in 1833, he embarked on a tour of Europe with his cousin John Watts De Peyser. Arriving back in New York, he joined the law firm of Peter Augustus Jay. In 1836, Watts died and left the bulk of his fortune to his grandson. Freed from his grandfathers constraints, Kearny sought assistance from his uncle and Major General Winfield Scott in obtaining a commission in the US Army. This proved successful and his received a lieutenants commission in his uncles regiment, the 1st US Dragoons. Reporting to Fort Leavenworth, Kearny aided in protecting pioneers on the frontier and later served as an aide-de-camp to Brigadier General Henry Atkinson. Kearny le Magnifique In 1839, Kearny accepted an assignment to France to study cavalry tactics at Saumur. Joining the Duke of Orleans expeditionary force to Algiers, he rode with the Chasseurs dAfrique. Taking part in several actions during the campaign, he rode into battle in the style of the Chasseurs with a pistol in one hand, a saber in the other, and the reins of his horse in his teeth. Impressing his French comrades, he earned the nickname Kearny le Magnifique. Returning to the United States in 1840, Kearny found that his father was terminally ill. Following his death later that year, Kearnys personal fortune again expanded. After publishing Applied Cavalry Tactics Illustrated in the French Campaign, he became a staff officer in Washington, DC and served under several influential officers, including Scott. Boredom In 1841, Kearny married Diana Bullitt whom he had met earlier while serving in Missouri. Increasingly unhappy as a staff officer, his temper began to return and his superiors reassigned him to the frontier. Leaving Diana in Washington, he returned to Fort Leavenworth in 1844. The next two years saw him become increasingly bored with army life and in 1846 he decided to leave the service. Putting in his resignation, Kearny quickly withdrew it with the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in May. Mexican-American War Kearny was soon directed to raise a company of cavalry for the 1st Dragoons and was promoted to captain in December. Based at Terre Haute, IN, he quickly filled the ranks of his unit and used his personal fortune to purchase it matching dapple gray horses. Initially sent to the Rio Grande, Kearnys company was later directed to join Scott during the campaign against Veracruz. Attached to Scotts headquarters, Kearnys men served as the generals bodyguard. Unhappy with this assignment, Kearny prophetically lamented, Honors are not won at headquarters...I would give my arm for a brevet (promotion). As the army advanced inland and won key victories at Cerro Gordo and Contreras, Kearny saw little action. Finally on August 20, 1847, Kearny received orders to take his command to join Brigadier General William Harneys cavalry during the Battle of Churubusco. Attacking with his company, Kearny charged forward. In the course of the fighting, he received a severe wound to his left arm which required its amputation. For his gallant efforts, he was given a brevet promotion to major. Frustration Returning to New York after the war, Kearny was treated as a hero. Taking over the US Army recruiting efforts in the city, his relationship with Diana, which had long been strained, ended when she left him in 1849. Having adjusted to life with one arm, Kearny began to complain that his efforts in Mexico had never been fully rewarded and that he was being ignored by the service due to his disability. In 1851, Kearny received orders for California. Arriving on the West Coast, he took part in the 1851 campaign against the Rogue River tribe in Oregon. Though this was successful, Kearnys constant complaining about his superiors along with the US Armys slow promotion system led to him resigning that October. Back to France Leaving on an around-the-world trip, which took him to China and Ceylon, Kearny finally settled in Paris. While there, he met and fell in love with New Yorker Agnes Maxwell. The two openly lived together in the city while Diana became increasingly embarrassed back in New York. Returning to the United States, Kearny sought a formal divorce from his estranged wife. This was refused in 1854 and Kearny and Agnes took up residence at his estate, Bellegrove, in New Jersey. In 1858, Diana finally relented which opened the way for Kearny and Agnes to marry. The following year, bored with country life, Kearny returned to France and entered the service of Napoleon III. Serving in the cavalry, he took part in the Battles of Magenta and Solferino. For his efforts, he became the first American to be awarded the Là ©gion dhonneur. The Civil War Begins Remaining in France into 1861, Kearny returned to the United States following the outbreak of the Civil War. Arriving in Washington, Kearnys initial attempts to join the Union service were rebuffed as many remembered his difficult nature and the scandal surrounding his second marriage. Returning to Bellegrove, he was offered command of the New Jersey Brigade by state officials in July. Commissioned a brigadier general, Kearny joined his men who were encamped outside Alexandria, VA. Stunned by the units lack of preparation for battle, he quickly commenced a rigorous training regime as well as used some of his own money to ensure that they were well-equipped and fed. Part of the Army of the Potomac, Kearny became frustrated by a lack of movement on the part of its commander, Major General George B. McClellan. This culminated in Kearny publishing a series of letters which severely criticized the commander. Into Battle Though his actions greatly angered the army leadership, they endeared Kearny to his men. Finally in early 1862, the army began moving south as part of the Peninsula Campaign. On April 30, Kearny was promoted to command the 3rd Division of Major General Samuel P. Heintzelmans III Corps. During the Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, he distinguished himself when he personally led his men forward. Riding ahead with a sword in his hand and his reins in his teeth, Kearny rallied his men yelling, Dont worry, men, theyll all be firing at me! Ably leading his division throughout the doomed campaign, Kearny began to earn the respect of both the men in the ranks and the leadership in Washington. Following the Battle of Malvern Hill on July 1, which ended the campaign, Kearny formally protested McClellans orders to continue withdrawing and advocated for a strike on Richmond. One-Armed Devil Feared by the Confederates, who referred to him as the One-Armed Devil, Kearny was promoted to major general later in July. That summer Kearny also directed that his men wear a patch of red cloth on their caps so that they could rapidly identify each other on the battlefield. This soon evolved into an army-wide system of insignias. With President Abraham Lincoln tiring of McClellans cautious nature, the aggressive Kearnys name began to surface as a potential replacement. Leading his division north, Kearny joined in the campaign that would culminate with the Second Battle of Manassas. With the beginning of the engagement, Kearnys men occupied a position on the Union right on August 29. Enduring heavy fighting, his division almost broke through the Confederate line. The next day, the Union position collapsed following a massive flank attack by Major General James Longstreet. As Union forces began fleeing the field, Kearnys division was one of the few formations to stay composed and helped cover the retreat. Chantilly On September 1, Union forces became engaged with elements of Major General Thomas Stonewall Jacksons command at the Battle of Chantilly. Learning of the fighting, Kearny marched his division to the scene to reinforce Union forces. Arriving, he immediately began preparing to assault the Confederates. As his men advanced, Kearny rode forward to investigate a gap in the Union line despite his aide urging caution. In response to this warning he allegedly replied, The Rebel bullet that can kill me has not yet been molded. Encountering Confederate troops, he ignored their demand to surrender and attempted to ride away. The Confederates promptly opened fire and one bullet pierced the base of his spine and instantly killed him. Arriving on the scene, Confederate Major General A.P. Hill exclaimed, Youve killed Phil Kearny, he deserved a better fate than to die in the mud. The next day, Kearnys body was returned under a flag of truce to the Union lines accompanied by a letter of condolence from General Robert E. Lee. Embalmed in Washington, Kearnys remains were taken to Bellegrove where they laid in state before being interred in the family crypt at Trinity Church in New York City. In 1912, following a drive led by New Jersey Brigade veteran and Medal of Honor winner Charles F. Hopkins, Kearnys remains were moved to Arlington National Cemetery.

Mammalia - Profile of Class Mammalia

Mammalia - Profile of Class Mammalia The Class Mammalia is comprised of animals known as mammals. Description: Mammals represent a wide range of shapes, sizes and colors. One characteristic of all mammals is that they have hair. This is more obvious in some animals, such as seals, who often have visible fur, than in others, like whales, whose hair has sometimes disappeared by the time they are born. Speaking of birth, just about all mammals (except the platypus and echidna) give birth to live young, and they all nurse their young. Mammals are also endotherms, commonly known as warm-blooded. Classification: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Habitat and Distribution: Mammals are distributed worldwide, in a variety of habitats. Marine mammals range from coastal areas (e.g., the manatee) to the pelagic zone (e.g., whales), with some, such as sea turtles and seals, even venturing into the deep sea to feed. Feeding: Most mammals have teeth, although some, like the baleen whales, do not. Since mammals range widely in habitat and food preferences, they have a wide range in feeding styles and preferences. In marine mammals, whales feed using teeth or baleen, and on a variety of prey, including small fish, crustaceans and sometimes other marine mammals. Pinnipeds feed using teeth, usually eating fish and crustaceans. Sirenians also have teeth, although they also use the power of their strong lips when grasping and ripping aquatic vegetation. Reproduction: Mammals reproduce sexually and have internal fertilization. All marine mammals are placental mammals, meaning they give birth to live young, and the unborn young are nourished in the mothers uterus by an organ called the placenta.

Explain how krebs in a soldier home would rather observe life than Essay

Explain how krebs in a soldier home would rather observe life than live it. give reason as to why he feels that way use exa - Essay Example But in the later part of the story he is referred to as Krebs, to elucidate the transformation in his character. The Krebs is a German word which in English means cancer. The author very interestingly refers to Harold’s character as Krebs in the later part of the story because he wants to describe the transformation that the character went through, which completely left him disdained from all earthly emotions. He wants to be part of a simple life than involve in complexities. He has transformed into a person who just observes life rather than living it. In the story â€Å"A Soldier’s Home†, Hemmingway describes three very important situations which mark Harold’s transformation into Krebs. It was the time of the First World War, when most of the young lads joined the army to fight for their motherland. Harold Krebs was one such young man who joined the army after college. It was only after his return from the war that the first instance of his transformatio n was marked. Krebs was a little late to return home and was not part of the celebration that the other soldiers received on their return. By the time he came back all the hysteria regarding the war has settled down, people were no longer interested in war stories but Krebs wanted to experience the thrill and in couple of occasions he even lied about the stories. People were interested in lies not the realities of war. This gave birth to a raging conflict within Krebs, against the entire community. People were not interested in his stories and that left him in a state of shock. There were many criticisms regarding this point. As Hemingway’s "Soldier’s Home" opens, Harold Krebs, the protagonist, has just come back from World War I. All the other young men his age have settled back into small-town life and found a niche for themselves as contributing members of the community. But Harold, for some reason, cannot do this; instead, he plays pool, "practice[s] on his clarine t, stroll[s] down town, read[s], and [goes] to bed."(Bernardo, K., n. d.) "Nothing was changed in the town except that the young girls had grown up". â€Å"It appears as if the town was never affected by the war, not as Krebs had been. The town radiates conformity, such as the girls all wearing the same clothes. Harold's mother and father wish for him to conform too, as he once did in college where he too wore the same clothes as his fraternity brothers†(Comtois, Jean P., n.d.).   The second instance in the story which depicts Krebs character slowly turning into an observer of life rather than living it is when he starts appreciating the beauty of the girls of his hometown, but does not want to involve into any relationship with them. In war he had learnt that, one did not need girls to survive, though few of his soldier friends thought differently, he did not believe that the complexities of relationship were worth it. When all of his other contemporaries had returned from the war and settled down into the culture of the town, it was he who could not relate to any emotion and did not even feel it to be worth it. He only felt comfortable eyeing things from a distant. Even this phase of Krebs life was up for many criticisms some of which are, â€Å"

Management Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management Finance - Essay Example In the following parts of this paper, first features of ABC have been provided in which entire ABC process has been included. Subsequently, comparison relating to selling price and selling volume with absorption costing has been included. After this step, budgeting and planning, budgeting and control, budgeting and performance evaluation and budgeting and motivation parts have been given before the conclusion. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) refers to as â€Å"It is a technique which involves identification of cost with each cost-driving activity and making it the basis for apportionment/assignment of costs over different cost objects/jobs/products/customers/services† (Pandikumar, 2009, p. 414). The analysis of this definition further highlights that ABC is mainly based on three fundamental activities: cost identification, activities and apportionment basis. Fundamentally, ABC is based on a sequence of activities in which costing process is carried out. In the first step, the process of identifying the activities is carried out in which organizational activities are properly pointed out; in the second step, computation of the cost of each activity is conducted; in the last step, the process of identifying the activity cost driver takes place which concludes the entire sequence of ABC (Ryan, 2014). And the typical examples of cost activities are schedule production jobs, machine set up costs, number of orders and number of batches (Ryan, 2014). In addition, cost pool and cost activities are two different activities. In the cost pool, total attached costs are combined and the combined costs are further allocated to cost activities. However, before allocating costs to cost activities, identification of drivers is of paramount importance. In the Berry Ltd, the company has budgeted machine set up costs $280,000, material ordering costs ($316,000), machine running

Places Around the World Are Getting More and More Similar Essay Example for Free

Places Around the World Are Getting More and More Similar Essay In the past,people used to travel to many places to see the differences from their home country. Now all the places around the world are getting more and more similar. What is the cause of this simailarity? Do you think that the advantage of thissimilarity overweigh the disadvantages? Recently ,lack of unique place to travel has become a top discussions in our daily life. It will be disappointed for people who expect to find a difference of their own country. In my opinion,the most important factor of this issue may be globalization,and globalization certainly has the potential to bring about great advance for humankind. Nowadays,in tourist areas of the developing world we can follow a growing international trend in many aspects,and also I believe it is a good way for our social development. For example,many modern buildings,especially skyscrapers with glass walls are being erected here and there,and some of them even become the symbols of a city around the world. Clearly,this is an unavoidable trend. It should not only can house more people and host more office,but also can make valuable tourist resource. In other side,we can also observe a changing happened in leisure time pursuits and culture exchange. Chinese youths shopping at department store in Shanghai,hang out in club over a glass of beer in much the same way that their American counterparts do in NewYork. The third one is that television and internet as very powerful medium of influence over large populations. Younger generations the world over who can through these mordern technologies often encounter the same media such as advertisements,films,TV chanels popular brands and so on. At the same time,many argue that the costs of globalization are too high and that differences between countries and communitices need to be maintained before we quickly and completely lose all sense of who we are,where we came from and what choice are still available to us. After all,historic places provide a physical link to our past. In sum up,only by further developing the way in which we manmage our societies can we make sure that those currently not in control of globalization can make their voices heard in the political processes affecting the rang of their own personal choices.

The Road to Recovery Essay examples -- Sports, Motocross

Coming up to a jump about to go airborne but then smash! He crashes into the dirt breaking his leg and part of his knee, but he has no support. This is where you would go to Road 2 Recovery(R2R) for help. There are many foundations out there to help people with sport problems, but there are only a few to help with dirt biking. This is why The Road 2 Recovery foundation is a dedicated program to help AMA professional motocross and supercross members with financial and emotional assistance if they have a career ending or very critical injury (â€Å"Welcome to the Road 2 Recovery foundation† 1). At sometime in every single sport someone is always injured or getting injured. However, of all of the sports, research has proven that motocross is one of the sports with the highest risks. Supercross is the second most dangerous type of dirt biking racing out there. The fast paced racing and the uncertainty of knowing what the racer in front of you will do makes this such a dangerous type of racing. Motocross is little less dangerous because most of the racing is outdoors, not indoors in a small stadium. But the most dangerous type of dirt biking is freestyle. The difficult tricks, speed, and the height of the jumps makes this the most dangerous type of dirt biking. The risk taking behavior is played out in a cat and mouse type games that rides engage in all around the nation. There are many different riders who will do anything to get that extra thrill to get that adrenaline rush. Even some of these riders drive in places that they aren’t suppose to, like non-permitted are as such as closed practice tracks or private land. Some motocross and supercross communities are trying to help riders with the lack of caring about boundaries learn that ... ...meone to rely on if they get injured in some sort of way. At every race or every ride on a dirt bike there is that risk of getting severely injured because of dangerous part of the sport. Since motocross and supercross are very dangerous and high risk sports, a foundation like Road 2 Recovery is very important to just help the sport prosper and keep its riders safe to keep the fans happy (â€Å"Welcome to the Road 2 Recovery Foundation† 1). This is why Jimmy Button, Bob Moore, Bob Walker, and Shane Trittler built this foundation from the ground up to help this sport. They dedicate every dollar to help these injured riders come back from their career ending injuries to make them have something to rely on. Now the racer who just crashed and horribly broke his leg and part of his knee will have every type of support from the Road 2 Recovery foundation that is needed.

Philippine Code of Ethics For Radiologic Technologists Essay

Article I: RELATION WITH THE STATE AND SOCIETY Section 1. Radiologic technologists and X-ray technologists should be aware of the supreme authority of the state and should adhere tothe Constitution, R.A. No. 7431 and other laws, the rules and regulations promulgated pursuant to such laws. Section 2. They should, above all, consider the welfare and well-being of the public and the interest of the state. Section 3. They are encouraged to involve themselves in civic affairs and cooperate with other organizations to promote the growth and welfare of the community. Article II: RELATION WITH PATIENTS/CLIENTS Section 1. Patients/clients are the focus in the practice of Radiologic Technology and X-Ray Technology. Hence, Radiologic Technologistsand X-Ray Technologists must at all times act with dignity and sincerity and must express genuine concern in the discharge of their work. Section 2. They should keep in confidentiality any data or findings obtained in the performance of their duty. Disclosure, if warranted, should be done by the Radiologists concerned. Section 3. They should not discriminate against anybody and should attend to all patients/clients regardless of creed, race, belief, or political affiliation. Section 4. They should provide the highest level of technical Knowledge in the performance of their work, employing courtesy, empathy, compassion, and privacy to the patient/ client and his family. They should try to perform the examination within reasonable time to avoid the risk of repetition to minimize the radiation exposure to the patient. Article III: RELATION WITH OTHER ALLIED PROFESSION Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists should bear in mind that their profession is a public trust, and that they at all times maintain and uphold the dignity and integrity of their profession and protect it from misinterpretation. Section 2. They should not directly or indirectly assist in any unauthorized practices of the profession. They should report any violations of R.A. 7431, the rules and regulations and this Code of Ethics for registered Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists to the Board of Radiologic Technology. Section 3. They should share information and experiences with their fellow paramedical professionals, participate, and be active members of the accredited association of Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists. Schools and Colleges with courses on Radiologic Technology and X-Ray Technology should be encouraged to conduct research to enhance the growth and advancement of the profession. Section 4. They should observe punctuality and keep appointments, particularly in the discharge of their duties with patients/clients. Section 5. They should avoid instances where their personal interest and financial gains will be in conflict with those of theirpatients/clients, colleagues or employers. Section 6. They should at all times perform their tasks with honor and dignity and should be fair and impartial to all. Section 7. They should at all times keep their reputation above reproach and conduct themselves with proper decorum to gain public esteem and respect for the profession. Section 8. They should at all times strive to enhance professional growth through continuing education and subscriptions for professional journals. Section 9. They should not degrade the reputation, competence, and capability of a colleague to aggrandize themselves. Section 10. They should encourage and provide opportunities for professional development and advancement of their colleague. Section 11. They should adhere to the principles of due process and equality of opportunity in peer relationship and personnel actions. Section 12. They should align personal philosophies and attitudes with those of the institutions they serve. Section 13. They should help to create and maintain conditions under which scholarship can exist, like freedom of inquiry, thoughts and expressions. Section 14. They should be receptive to new ideas, knowledge, and innovations that contribute to the development and growth of the profession. Article IV: RELATION TO AGENCY Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists should assist in the improvement of governmental Agencies’ functions and the lightening of their patient’s work load. Section 2. They should be vigilant in the protection of equipment and materials needed to perform their duties. Section 3. They should perform the tasks assigned them by their governmental agency employer in good faith and to the best of their abilities utilizing their technical skills and diligence, particularly in instances where the patients safety maybe jeopardized by their neglect. Section 4. They should help promote, support, assist, and establish goodwill and camaraderies towards their peer employees in the paramedical professions. Article V: RELATIONSHIP WITH ONESELF Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists should always be honest, dependable, levelheaded, and morally upright. Section 2. It is incumbent for them to provide for their professional growth through continuing education, attendance in seminars or subscriptions for professional journals and research materials. Section 3. They should be entitled to a just and fair compensation for services rendered. Section 4. They should not allow their names to be advertised by any person or organization, unless they are employed therein.

Culture, Ethnicity, and Health Care Practices Essay

1. Identify two religious or spiritual practices in which members of the Evans Family may engage for treating hypertension, diabetes, and mental illness. In the text, the Evan’s family is introduced as an African-American family, and members of the Baptist church. Members of this family have been diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, and mental illness, diseases that the family may attempt to treat through religious of spiritual practices. Daily prayer may be a spiritual/religious practice used by the Evans family to treat the mentioned health conditions. â€Å"African-Americans consider themselves spiritual beings, and sickness is viewed as a separation between God and man† (Purnell, 2003, p. 49). In an attempt to get closer to God, daily prayer would be viewed as a positive aspect to accomplish this, lessen the separation between themselves and God, to improve or abolish the sicknesses. God is viewed as the â€Å"supreme healer†, and the Evans family may also be asking God through prayer for healing to improve the illnesses, and restore their health. Another spiritual practice which may be employed by the Evans family to treat the hypertension, diabetes, and mental illness which they are experiencing involves the laying on of hands. African Americans may hold the belief that diseases can be cured when a person of faith gifted with special healing powers touches the afflicted person. This touch is usually accompanied by prayer. Sometimes, it is believed that â€Å"†¦the laying on of hands is thought to free the person from all suffering and pain, and people who still experience pain are considered to have little faith† (Purnell, 2003, p. 50). It is important that the health care provider be aware of these spiritual practices, their potential effect on the health care plan, to provide culturally competent care. 2. Name two dietary health risks for African Americans. Typical diets for African Americans can reflect the regional cuisine, but there are some foods and types of foods that are considered central to the diet. Salt pork, or â€Å"fat back† is a staple ingredient in many African American’s diet, and reflect the tendency of the diet to be very high in fat, cholesterol, and sodium. This type of diet is associated with high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes; these conditions do occur at a higher prevalence in the African American population. Another diet related health risk involves the tendency to view people of healthy body weight as being underweight and needing more â€Å"meat on their bones† (Purnell, 2003, p. 47). Even in infancy, it is a common practice to avoid underfeeding by feeding newborn infants liquefied cereal mixed with formula and given through a bottle. â€Å"African Americans believe that giving only formula is starving the baby and that the infant needs ‘real food’ to sleep through the night† (Purnell, 2003, p. 47). These views may lead to a tendency to overeat, and be overweight, which is associated with the increased risks for the health conditions listed above. Health care providers can be in a position to give nutritional information, and recommend resources to assist patients to reduce dietary health risks, while maintaining the spirit of traditional cuisine. A magazine published by a health network directed at African Americans encourages healthier, culturally sensitive changes: Dr. Jones stresses that eating healthy doesn’t mean having to give up favorite foods. It just means preparing these dishes in a healthier fashion. That includes traditional favorites, like soul food—one of the oldest and richest cuisines in America. While it’s always been good for the soul, soul food is usually not so good for the heart†¦But soul food doesn’t have to be bad for you. You can continue to enjoy your ages-old family recipes in a new, health-conscious style by changing your cooking methods (Advocate Health Systems, 2007, p. 2). 3. What historical precedence is there for distrust of â€Å"outsiders† in Appalachia? People in Appalachia are characterized as having a distrust of â€Å"outsiders†, and are often unwilling to share their true thoughts and feelings with them. Part of the historical precedence that contributes to this distrust centers on their prior dealings with authority in the form of the large mining and timber companies. The Appalachian people were exploited by having their land taken by these outside business interests, who then subsequently attempted to control the behaviors of the workers for their own profits. There is a strong reliance on family and community; individualism and self-reliant behavior, and reverences for family lineage are highly valued within this culture. Appalachia has been characterized by poverty and isolation, which can result in cultural lag. There has historically been a limited access to education, as well as less of a valuing of higher education, with an emphasis placed upon learning skills necessary to enter the traditional employment fields and earn a living. These factors encourage the continuing distrust of outsiders. Communication styles reflect a general distrust and unease with â€Å"outsiders†. Materials or oral communication presented at a level that is beyond the understanding of the client may lead one to believe that the provider is â€Å"stuck up† or â€Å"putting on airs† and may add to a general feeling of distrust. Traditional Appalachians may value a large amount of personal distance, direct eye contact, and may value silence. They are often unwilling to communicate true needs in an attempt to be polite. Because of historical inequities with interactions with authority figures, including outsider health care providers, traditional Appalachians may not respond well to teach or instruction that is perceived to be an order; they may be much more receptive to hints and suggestions which solicit the client’s opinions (Purnell, 2003, pp. 73, 74). Because of improved technology, transportation, educational and employment opportunities, and more exposure to outside culture, traditional Appalachia may be changing, and the barriers and distrust of â€Å"outsiders† will be lessened. However, an Appalachian educator notes: The mountains have figured into all of it. The mountains kept us so isolated from the rest of the country and from other people’s involvement in our lives that we developed these characteristics: We are very independent, we are very contented with the places that we live, we are very close to nature, we have a deep sense of a belief in God, and we have a deep sense of being friendly and kind to one another and helping one another, and taking care of everyone else in their needs. And we also have a strong sense of what’s right and what ought to be and a deep mistrust of anyone who’s new, anyone who’s a stranger. We don’t trust change very well and we don’t like change very well (Morgan, 2005, p. 1). 4. What evidence do you see of the â€Å"ethic of neutrality† in this case study? The case study presents a view of the client by using her preferred terms, language, and presents her views in an objective manner. The case study seems to reflect the point of view of Miss Leona, and it respects her unique perspective. The author uses the words of the speaker to explain her reasons for doing things in a way that reflects aspects of the culture. For example, rather than state that Miss Leona may have difficulty reading medication instructions, the author includes the information that she was only educated through the third grade, and states â€Å"She admits not using the salve given to her by Dr. Adi because he told her to apply the salve according to the instructions on the jar† (Purnell, 2003, p. 89). The author does not make any judgments relating to the health related behaviors of the people in the case study. Several elements that illustrate cultural domain concepts are objectively presented. The use of folk medicine is demonstrated, with no evaluation of the home remedies, including the application of a bacon grease poultice to the leg wound. Similarly, the author presents Miss Leona’s own explanations of her illnesses, including her statement that she has â€Å"low blood†, in a subjective manner. The â€Å"ethic of neutrality† is maintained through an objective account of her situation, as experience by the patient alone, within her unique perspective. 5. How might you help Miss Leona eat a more nutritious diet? In the case study, the elderly Miss Leona reveals that she has been diagnosed with a heart disease, which her physician attributes to a high fat diet. She believes that her heart problem is instead related to the recent death of her husband, based in part on the timing of the diagnosis. She has expressed her dissatisfaction with the physician who has diagnosed this condition, because he did not communicate adequately during the visit. Miss Leona reveals that her diet is mainly high fat meat, dairy, and simple starches; she doesn’t mention fruits or vegetables at all. These foods are easy for her to prepare, and readily available. She demonstrates the difficulty in bringing food to her home, because she has to walk up a steep grade and a footbridge to get to her home. She does rely on others to bring her groceries at times, but makes it clear that she values self reliance. In accordance with traditional Appalachian cultural values, Miss Leona would most likely not respond well to being told directly which foods that she needs to eat to stay healthy. Rather, a practitioner would have to engage her in more of an indirect chat that would show knowledge of Miss Leona’s unique situation, and respect her likes and dislikes, and her need for ease of food preparation. The practitioner would also have to address the issue of being able to accept assistance needed to even bring healthy foods into her home, since there are physical barriers present that make carrying heavy groceries up a steep incline, especially with an infected leg wound, and a heart condition, impossible. The practitioner would need to provide the appropriate support needed to help make food choices that Miss Leona would be able to prepare, and enjoy. 6. Describe two taboo views that African Americans may have about pregnancy. Taboos are practices that if done, are likely to result in harm coming to the mother, unborn child, or both in the case of pregnancy-related taboos. There are a few pregnancy taboos regarding photographs that African Americans might have, according to the text. There is the belief that pregnant women should not take photographs, or they may cause the baby to be stillborn. Another cultural belief that may be shared is that a pregnant woman should not have their picture taken, because it captures their soul. There is also a taboo that involves the dangers of purchasing clothing or other items for an unborn baby. This is said to be â€Å"bad luck† for the baby and mother. Baby items are purchased after the child is born to avoid causing harm to or misfortune to the mother or her child. Pregnancy taboos views may be held by African Americans, in addition to other prescriptive and restrictive practices regarding childbearing. The realities of pregnancy are related to many factors. â€Å"African American women usually respond to pregnancy in the same manner as other ethnic groups, based on their satisfaction with self, economic status, and career goals† (Purnell, 2003, p. 48). 7. Identify and discuss views that Dorothy and her parents may have about mental illness and medication. In the case study, Dorothy is a 42 year old African American woman living with her parents who takes medication for a diagnosed of bipolar disorder. African Americans have variations in drug metabolism, particularly of psychotropic medications. They show higher blood levels, experience a faster therapeutic response, and are at more risk for drug side effects. â€Å"Health care professional’ personal beliefs may about a specific ethnic group may account of how the drug is prescribed, and African Americans are at a higher risk of misdiagnosis for psychiatric disorders and ,therefore, may be treated inappropriately with drugs† (Purnell, 2003, p. 48). The Evans family may have seen these medications misused in family members or friends, and may have some negative view regarding the treatment of mental illness. In African American culture, there is a tendency to use medication on an â€Å"as needed† basis; when an illness improves, and the person feels better, she may stop taking the medication. This practice could be very detrimental to medication therapy for bipolar disorder. If Dorothy and her family engage in this practice, she would most likely not have had good responses to medication. Dorothy and her family may therefore have a negative view of the medication’s effectiveness. African Americans often attach a stigma to mental illness, especially since there tends to be a high frequency of misdiagnosis of psychiatric disorders, leading to a distrust of mental health professionals (Purnell, 2003, p. 50). The Evans are a religious family, and they may have prayed and attempted to achieve spiritual healing for Dorothy. When the illness persisted, they may have judged Dorothy as not being faithful enough to receiving healing. With these cultural factors coming in to play, there is a high probability that Dorothy’s illness presents a great challenge within the Evans family. References Advocate Health Systems (2007). How to make your family recipes heart healthy. Advocate Magazine 3(24). Retrieved 6/12/07, from http://www. advocatehealth. com/trin/info/library/ham/win00/trin1. html? fitness Morgan, K. (2005). West Virginia’s Appalachian culture. West Virginia’s Appalachian Music and Literature Resources. Retrieved 6/12/07, from http://www. ferrum. edu/applit/studyg/West/htm/wvcultur. htm . Purnell, L. (2003). Transcultural healthcare: a culturally competent approach. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.

Managing Market Risk

Managing Market Risk There are several approaches to risk analysis. At first, one should speak about the so-called value-at-risk (VAR) evaluation. This method is aimed at identifying the potential losses that can be incurred due to a certain event. Moreover, it is important to determine the probability of this risk.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Market Risk specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In turn, this information is critical for developing the strategies of a business. Additionally, economists strive to take into account highly improbable events that can completely disrupt the long-term plans of various institutions. These events cannot be included in the VAR analysis. Additionally, various organisations consider the returns as one of the variables that should be incorporated in the risk analysis. While evaluating risks, enterprises can apply different strategies. In particular, they can rely on historical information in ord er to determine the probability of a certain event and assess its impact. This approach can enable organisations to determine what kind of challenges businesses could face in the past. Moreover, one can establish the patterns in the occurrence of these events. For instance, one can speak about the occurrence of economic crises. Nevertheless, this method cannot effectively analyse recent trends. In turn, one can speak about Monte Carlo simulations which can illustrate possible scenarios that a business can confront. Yet, this method can be effective if one can accurately determine probability distribution for various events. It is possible to identify several risk management paths. For instance, one can speak about the steering framework which is aimed at identifying and avoiding various risks. As a rule, these activities are based on VAR calculations. Moreover, organisations try to take into account credit value adjustment assessment. This approach helps the management understand va rious challenges that should be avoided. This approach enables financial institutions to get insights into the complexity of factors affecting these organisations. This is the main advantage of this strategy. Nevertheless, it does not enable companies to mitigate the impact of these risks. Organisations may also focus on the prevention of risks and effective governance. In particular, they may try to impose restrictions on the risk-taking behaviors that can threaten the sustainability of the company. This method enables financial institutions to become more resilient to various stressors.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, this approach may not show how different risks can be related to one another. This is one of the pitfalls that should be avoided.  Overall, the strategy, which can effectively address various risks, should incorporate several elements. In particular, it should include VAR analysis because this method can highlight the main threats that the organisation should avoid. Furthermore, the management should use Monte Carlo simulations since these tests can single out different scenarios that an enterprise should be ready for. Nevertheless, it is critical to identify events that can produce profound or catastrophic events on the company. The main task is to strengthen organisational resilience to different stressors. Overall, more attention should be paid to good governance because this strategy can help the management avert various risks or at least mitigate their impacts. The management should set clear guidelines showing to what extent risk-taking behavior can be accepted. This method is important for decreasing the exposure of this company to different stressors. The management should also monitor data that can indicate at inefficiencies within the organisation or significant trends in the external environment. These ar e the main techniques that should be adopted.

10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals

10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals 10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals 10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals By Michael How do you express numbers in your writing? When do you use figures (digits) and when do you write out the number in words (letters)? That is, when do you write 9 and when do you write nine? 1. Number versus numeral. First things first, what is the difference between a number and a numeral? A number is an abstract concept while a numeral is a symbol used to express that number. Three, 3 and III are all symbols used to express the same number (or the concept of threeness). One could say that the difference between a number and its numerals is like the difference between a person and her name. 2. Spell small numbers out. The small numbers, such as whole numbers smaller than ten, should be spelled out. Thats one rule you can count on. If you dont spell numbers out it will look like youre sending an instant message, and you want to be more formal than that in your writing. 3. No other standard rule: Experts dont always agree on other rules. Some experts say that any one-word number should be written out. Two-word numbers should be expressed in figures. That is, they say you should write out twelve or twenty. But not 24. 4. Using the comma. In English, the comma is used as a thousands separator (and the period as a decimal separator), to make large numbers easier to read. So write the size of Alaska as 571,951 square miles instead of 571951 square miles. In Continental Europe the opposite is true, periods are used to separate large numbers and the comma is used for decimals. Finally, the International Systems of Units (SI) recommends that a space should be used to separate groups of three digits, and both the comma and the period should be used only to denote decimals, like $13 200,50 (the comma part is a mess I know). 5. Dont start a sentence with a numeral. Make it Fourscore and seven years ago, not 4 score and 7 years ago. That means you might have to rewrite some sentences: Fans bought 400,000 copies the first day instead of 400,000 copies were sold the first day. 6. Centuries and decades should be spelled out. Use the Eighties or nineteenth century. 7. Percentages and recipes. With everyday writing and recipes you can use digits, like 4% of the children or Add 2 cups of brown rice. In formal writing, however, you should spell the percentage out like 12 percent of the players (or twelve percent of the players, depending on your preference as explained in point three). 8. If the number is rounded or estimated, spell it out. Rounded numbers over a million are written as a numeral plus a word. Use About 400 million people speak Spanish natively, instead of About 400,000,000 people speak Spanish natively. If youre using the exact number, youd write it out, of course. 9. Two numbers next to each other. It can be confusing if you write 7 13-year-olds, so write one of them as a numeral, like seven 13-year-olds. Pick the number that has the fewest letters. 10. Ordinal numbers and consistency. Dont say He was my 1st true love, but rather He was my first true love. Be consistent within the same sentence. If my teacher has 23 beginning students, she also has 18 advanced students, not eighteen advanced students. Video Recap Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†50 Nautical Terms in General UseEnglish Grammar 101: Sentences, Clauses and Phrases

Management of change - How organisational structure and culture can Essay

Management of change - How organisational structure and culture can influence the promotion or inhibition of change strategies w - Essay Example As such, the only way to remain competitive is to be able to change strategies in a manner that ensures the company remains competitive. This is particularly important for the engineering organizations that operate in a very competitive environment. Despite the benefits that change brings in an organization, most managers and employees are often resistant to change. Martins and Terblanche (2003, p. 68) noted that most employees and managers fear change and will often resist it. The reasons for resisting change are many, including fear of losing jobs, fear of changing the organization structure, culture, and fear of new responsibilities, just to name but a few. However, the organizational structure and culture has a huge influence on the change strategies that an organization may adopt at any one time. In this regard, the organizational structure and culture can either promote or impede the change strategies within an organization. The aim of this discourse is to explore the extent to which an organizational structure and culture can promote or inhibit change strategies within an organization. Organizational Culture and Change Management Culture plays a crucial role in driving a company to success. Pheysey (1993, p. 9) defines organizational culture as a set of norms and beliefs of an organization. In other words, it refers an organization’s ways of doing things. As earlier stated, organizations operate in a dynamic environment where change is necessary. Today, no company can compete favorably without embracing change, according to West and Farr (1990, p. 5). However, most managers tend to resist change when faced with the pressure of change. This is partly due to the organizational culture. For instance, most managers would try to deal with challenges facing the organization they manage by reverting the company’s traditional ways of doing things. In this regard, whenever a manager is confronted with the pressure for change, the manager will most l ikely try to deal with the situation in suh as way that is in line with the organizations ways of doing things. However, sticking to these cultural nuances impede the management of strategic change. Kotter and Heskett (1992, p. 13) advised that sticking to cultural ways of dealing with pressures of change may not be good for an organization since it inhibits the management of strategic change in an organization. For example, instead of adopting a new strategy of dealing with a situation in an organization, most managers tend to search for what they can understand and manage in terms of the existing paradigm. The adoption of cultural ways of doing things has been reported in the engineering companies where most managers tend to stick to traditional ways of dealing with situations that require change. However, this is dangerous since it inhibits the management of strategic change (Dent and Goldberg 1999, p. 36). For instance, report indicates that when managers are faced with the prob lem of declining performance in the engineering organizations, they have the habit of first seeking ways of improving the implementation of the existing strategy. This may involves actions such as tightening organizational controls. This implies that they only attempt to tighten up their accepted way of operation. However, in case this proves ineffective, then the managers change a strategy, though the change

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 110

Discussion - Essay Example It will be vital to mention in this regards that corporate culture impose positive as well as negative impacts on organisational change. Concerning the positive aspects, the impact can be felt in explicitly comprehending the business procedure. Conversely, concerning the negative aspects, the impact can be apparently observed in the form of inappropriate allocation of valuable resources (Nadler, 1998). The various elements of organisational change that commonly encompass structure, processes and systems, are used in a change initiatives for clarifying what changes are required to be made, rewarding business or operational systems as well as supporting the same and appropriately utilising the available resources (Nadler, 1998). Apart from these, as per the observations made by Nadler (1998), the above-identified elements are predominantly used in the context of change initiative with the intention of mitigating risks that emerge while incorporating changes and applying innovative technological advancements accordingly. As apparently noted, the elements of structure, processes and systems are used in a change initiative by the modern organisations for obtaining several benefits. These benefits principally comprise improving profitability along with productivity and most significantly, making important decisions within the stipulated time (Nadler,

Struggle and Survival in Colonial America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Struggle and Survival in Colonial America - Essay Example The harsh natural environment in which the native American Indians had lived upon at that time required them to band together for their ultimate survival. This communal basis of society in the native Americans had remained, while the settlers disintegrated. Their concept of a community hinged on common ownership of their lands and common membership in the sacred natural order (Sweet & Nash 18). On the other hand, the European concepts of private property (or termed as a private enterprise) and the individual exploitation of nature for one's own profits, did not allow for the collective modes of behavior observed in native American Indians. The settlers forced the natives to adapt to this lifestyle and forgo community living. The arrival of the first white settlers at the tidewaters of Virginia had divided a tribe of Indians termed collectively as Powhatans. The tribe at Virginia at that time were known as the Algonquian Indians the most famous of which is Pocahontas who had been immortalized in history and literature. Her tribe welcomed the new arrivals, as exemplified by her father but this generosity ushered the decline of their tribe, eventually. It weakened the formerly strong and politically stable Indian settlements of the Powhatan tribes such that they were displaced and marginalized to the point of near extinction (Fausz 21). Some natives tried to resist the Europeans but were soon defeated by the superiority of the white settlers weaponry. The Algonquians were not unanimous in their acceptance into their midst the new settlers like what Opechancanough did.     

The New England Colonial Period

The New England Colonial Period Tony Calloway Discussion Question 1. According to the article, With All the Grace of the Sex, were women active participants in colonial trade? How and why? Women had to be active participants in a colonial trade. I mean most of these women, displayed a matter of filling empty holes in their lives. There were widowed spouses or empty professions within the community. The With All The Grace of Sex article addresses of all practice of manual trade being performed by women because not all wanted to sew or cook. Some had no choice but to do the labor of a profession those others saw as a mans job. Those are jobs typically family responsibilities with everyone playing some duty within the trade. Many of the women did not need men to run the businesses. A lot of the women grew to be champions of these professions out of necessity. The only way there was clear evidence that women did work in these occupations, were the occasional discovery of documentation that has been maintained showing these evidence. Furthermore, within this literature, we would notice how frequently women were becoming apprentices and masters of trades alongside their male counterparts. Granted; the manual labor associated with various occupations, it was a wonder the existence of women apprentice and masters that were in questioned. Men that use forges, hammers and leather working tools had put some the best men to the test. To have the stamina and physical courage these women needed to prove themselves was very impressive. Like my dad use to say do not put tomorrow what can be done today. After reading the article, it would seem that women had to do what they had to do. However, that is the binary of the way women have been for a since the beginning of time. Lesson 3 1. The article, Deaths Head, Cherub, Urn and Willow and the images of the early American grave art give us insight to life during the New England colonial period. How had the views of religion and death changed over the time period, 1720 to 1820? How were these changes reflected on the gravestones? What specifically can historians learn about the Puritan from these stones Jim Deetz Edwin Dethlefsen (1960s-70s) Are two archeologicalist that studied on New England gravestones Identification of 3 main motifs in period 1680-1820. These were the Winged Deaths Head 1680-1780, the Winged Cherub 1760-1800, and Urn Willow 1770-1820. In the 17th and 18th century gravestones in Massachusetts were decorated with a traditional set of designs that have distinctive spatial and temporal limits. The pioneering gravestones in Bostons burying grounds were simple, roughly cut greenstone markers. Individual headstones bared short or no beautifying carving and often had little inscriptions, which ordinarily had a person name, and theyre the date of death. The writings interruptive punctuation, were like a encrypted carving style with a characterized raised period separating the word. Treating them as if they were archaeological phenomena, one can demonstrate and test methods of inferring diffusion, dedication and the culture that carved it. The Early popularity of Death s head design displayed the Puritans attitudes, and Urn Motifs indicated the breakdown of these values. While cherubs appear most premature among an urban innovation society in Cambridge, They remain a nearly insignificant type in this central area but are rapidly being embraced in outer districts further removed from the center of influence. Imperfect reproduction of distinct design gives rise to distinctive local styles of other districts. The delivery of these local forms in time and space presents further insights regarding the religious difference in the Colonial period, including a clear indication of how this change progressed in different geographical areas at different times. The appearance that draws archeologists the most when it comes to Puritan headstones is the uniform appearance of the three types (Deaths Head, Cherub, Urn, and Willow). The Deaths Head representation was very common early on through the 17th century. It was a type that Puritans used to emphasize the mortality of man moreover. However, after the Great Awakening and the spread of the belief in an immortal soul, the Cherub became the more popular type. The Cherub image symbolized resurrection. During the 18th and 19th centuries, right after the revival of the Greek in America, the Urn and Willow grew to be a regularly used motif on tombstones. The quality of the monument was dependent upon two factors, the skill of the stonecutter and the budget of the family. In Boston, stonecutters were also masons, woodcarvers, bricklayers and even farmers carved gravestones as another way of sustaining their families. On numerous occasions, to save money and to deliver a high-quality headstone with fine art and speed, many of the Stonecutters made prefabricated headstones. This way all they would do was insert the name and date of the deceased upon placement of order. It wouldnt take much to seek out this fantastic artwork that can be found in many places in New England to include Copps Hill in Boston the old Freedom Trail, and another favorite spot to Bostonians the Old Burying Point in Salem Massachusetts. Grave markers and the burial grounds in which they are found have become identified as having historical importance, and they have familiarized their topics for research. The traditional cultures, a grave marker serves partly a function of commemoration as well as an indicator of status. To an archeologist, these markers serve as original recordings linking to the departed individuals living as well as, a more comprehensive sense, to the society in which the individual lived and ultimately died. New Jersey can also provide some eighteenth-century grave markers like the ones in Monmouth County. These stones can give some insights into the developmental years of the colony. Although Monmouth County does share the timeline within many similarities of the colonial New England gravestone carving tradition, it also displays significant differences. Hereabouts, the choice of the gravestone in Monmouth County held related to personal inclinations within the broader trends before classified i n New England. However, with the more inquisitive minds; studying gravestones can easily part into disciplines like a historical archaeology, or even like this class art history, even a genealogist when the training is more focused on the individual family. Particular scientific archaeological studies of colonial gravestones were sparked into motion by the outstanding research by James Deetz and Edwin Dethlefsen as before mentioned, who studied within the Boston Massachusetts area. Their conclusions presented a temporally linear course of iconographic designs used in the local carving tradition; starting with stark mortality symbols such as deaths heads, with more hopeful cherubs in the early eighteenth century, and then forming the more profane, neoclassical urn and willow tree designs. Another type of style was the motif, which was used on Bostons seventeenth-century grave markers dubbed the deaths head. Deaths head, often including wings and crossed bones, is a stylized skull that is used by todays motorcycle gangs and gothic. Although folks were thinking that winged skulls been designed to symbolize physical death and spiritual regeneration this was not the case. It is essential to note that Boston-based Puritans were not advocates of using holy symbols, like cherubs, crosses in the place of meeting, of silver, or on their headstones. Puritans were adamantly opposed to connecting the human form to spiritual beings such as God, angels, or spirits. The deaths head, which in its right, is a non-religious symbol and was the first description applied to gravestone carving. Additional decorative motifs following the deaths head were the hourglass with wings symbolizing the concept time flies, elaborately carved on the side panels along with florets, finials, foliage, fruit, and imp-and-dragon figures. The seventeenth and eighteenth-century headstones had solemn inscriptions that inspired passers-by to contemplate mortality and the temporary nature of life on earth. There must have a broad range of the deaths head motif. The features and arrangement of the image depended uniquely on the preferred style of the carver. Those creating their style of carving like silversmiths, tanners, carpenters, and other artisans, gravestone carvers had specific techniques and skills. The style was almost like a calling card for some. Through inquiry research, newspaper and ads, announcements, signed or initialed stones, ledger books, and other original reference materials, twentieth-century historians were able to recognize many of these makers. As the immigrants began to reach a more stable lifestyle and acquire wealth, they were better able to afford more extravagant personal items whichever could serve as representations of their socioeconomic status. Individual belongings could have extended from a broader, more pretentious house; a cabinet full of silver plates imported from China to large lavishly engraved gravestones. Lesson 3 Discussion Question 1. How did the Northern demography differ from that of the Southern colonies? Compare and contrast the social, economic, gender, and racial hierarchy of the New England and Southern Colonies. During the mid-1700s, there was an influx of immigrants migrating to America. During this time there was an abundance of food to go around, and that allowed for a generally good health of the majority of the colonist. By which it would allow more women to reproduce and share a low mortality rate, with the help ladies having several or more children during their life. With this expansion became the love of social class and hierarchy. The North school system celebrated and embraced social mobility, and the entrance of newly prosperous planters, commercial farmers, and retailers into the upper ranks was not only likely but also common. (Faragher 2012) While there was a well-established upper class in the Northern Colonies, there was also the scant and poverty-stricken lower class as well. It was composed of slaves, bound servants, and the poor laborers. This group made little less than half of the Northern colonies population, and their standard of living was just above minimum subsiste nce. While both the Northern and the Southern colonies each had their hierarchy system, and they were similar in ways yet different in others. In Southern colonies, the standards needed for social status was racial purity. These ethnic pure Spanish colonists held the top of the social ladder. Spanish of mixed ancestry were in the middle and Indians, and African slaves were placed at the bottom. Though there was strife for nonwhites in the north, the separation of lines was obscured. The colonist had possibilities to move up or down the ladder at their will. Biracial Northern colonist experienced much more opportunity compared to their Southern counterparts. The Northern upper class was typically made up of landowners, merchants, and prosperous professionals. These upper class Northerners were living a much more lavish and extravagant life than the upper class Southern colonist. References Deetz, J., Dethlefsen, E. S. (2007). Deaths Head, Cherub, Urn and Willow. Retrieved from http://www.histarch.illinois.edu/plymouth/deathshead.html Faragher, J. M., Buhle, M. J., Czitrom, D., Armitage, S. H. (2012). Out Of Many A History of the American People (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson. Howe, J. (1998). Greek Revival. Retrieved from http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/fa267/greekrev.html Revolutionary Windsor. (n.d.). https://sites.google.com/a/windsorct.org/revolutionary_windsor/home/gravestones-puritanism Wooodard, D. D., Doody, D. (). With All the Grace of the Sex. Retrieved from http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Spring04/women.cfm

Bullying and Violence in Public Schools Essay -- Religion in Public Sc

Bullying and Violence in Public Schools Although bullying has always been a problem in schools, it has more recently become a bigger crisis with vicious consequences. â€Å"However it is defined, bullying is not just child’s play, but a terrifying experience many schoolchildren face everyday. It can be as direct as teasing, hitting or threatening, or as indirect as exclusions, rumors or manipulation† (Garrett 2). Most kids do not think certain actions are classified as bullying, yet they do not realize the severity of the way they treat their peers. What they may see as â€Å"joking around† can be viewed as them being a bully, and they may even be hurting someone’s feelings without realizing the effect that they have. This can then lead to school violence, which is a prevalent issue in today’s society. There are many causes to bullying and school violence and many effects as well. However, if dealt with properly, there are ways to solve these prevailing problems. â€Å"One in seven children is a bully or the target of a bully, according to the National Association of School Psychologists† (Garrett 34). Therefore, it is important that everyone understands what causes this much bullying to occur. One of the first things influencing kids is violence in the media. â€Å"Countless studies have determined that there is an irrefutable link between violence in the media and violent behavior in children, argues former secretary of education William J. Bennett† (Grapes 57). Popular culture seems to have an enormous effect on the young, and a lot of times it is not in a positive manner. For example, many television shows and movies show violence in school. The movie Scream is about two high school students who are trying... ...or problems, especially in today’s society. There are many reasons why these issues arise, and many negative effects that stem from them. It is pertinent that solutions are brought about so that children can stop being hurt. â€Å"In our quest to provide the quality education that our children deserve, this problem can no longer be treated lightly† (Garrett 2). If this problem of the present can be turned around to make a brighter future, school will be a safer place where all students can be comfortable and able to succeed. Bibliography Garrett, Anne G. Bullying in American Schools: Causes, Preventions, Interventions. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2003. Grapes, Bryan J. School Violence: Contemporary Issues Companion. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000. Hurst, Marianne D. â€Å"When It Comes to Bullying, There Are No Boundaries.† Education Week. 24 (2005): 8.

Buyers Behaviour Virgin Atlantic Essay

Originally it was called British Atlantic Airways, later changed to Virgin Atlantic Airways. The first flight was from Gatwick to Netwark on the 22nd of June 1984 (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). The company launched a ? 6 m advertising campaign in 2010, which was James Bond themed (Guardian, 2010). The new advertisement helped the company recover from the recession. Now I will examine how exactly it was achieved and what methods were used to obtain the best performance of the advertisement. 2) Target Market. Market segmentation is a way of separating the consumers into different sections by their shared needs and personalities (Leon. G, 2010, p. 28). The needs and values depend from person to person according to his culture (Leon. G, 2010, p. 366). The VALS (values and lifestyles) segmentation system clearly shows the type of audience this commercial is aiming at (Leon. G, pp. 84). This system divides consumers into eight distinctive subcategories, which consist of: thinkers, achievers, experiencers, believers, strivers and makers. The subcategories this advertisement will appeal to are: innovators because they are receptive to new technologies and who can experience the innovated technologies at a Virgin Atlantic flight; achievers because they are goal oriented consumers who like to display success to their piers, which they can display by flying Virgin Atlantic as it is high class airlines; experiencers because they like to spend their income on fashion, socializing and entertainment which Virgin Atlantic offers through great service, food, entertainment and their flights are considered as ‘trendy’. The social comparison theory states that the consumer with higher purchase ability tends to have a higher status; this is a proof why achievers like to spend on luxurious products and services (Leon. G, 2010, p. 338). This commercial appeals to all the five effective target-marketing segments (Leon. G, 2010, p. 73). It is identifiable as it clearly distinguishes the shared needs, age and gender of the consumer. The consumer is a businessman or career orientated workingwoman who prefers high-class service. The age would appeal to Generation Y that is born from 1980 and on wards (Leon. G, 2010, p. 410). The Generation Y spends 150 billion annually and is into innovation and luxury while Generation X is considered as ‘sophisticated’ group. Virgin Atlantic Airways allows children ages 5 and above to travel or should be accompanied by an adult (16+). Pets are accepted if they accompany a disabled person (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). 3) Service offered. The marketing mix shows what kind of service/product is offered by dividing the elements to: product, price, place and promotion (Leon. G, 2010, p. 58). The service being offered is not just a flight from one destination to another; it is an experience at a high-class level of the Virgin Atlantic flight where the costumer will be served at a high class, with security, entertainment and with maximum comfort. It is a high-involvement purchase, which requires considerate thought and cognitive process, as the price is high (Leon. G, 2010, p. 231). The flight can be purchased online or at a flight ticket office. The company offers promotion such as: flying club card, ticket sales and discount codes/vouchers (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). The price and quality relationship the company has is low- price tickets in comparison with their competitors and with a high-class service. 4) Seasonality. The time of placing the advertisement is very important, as there are competing companies to take into consideration. The order effect research has shown that the advertisements presented first (primacy effect) and last (regency effect) has a greater effect on the consumer (Leon. G, 2010, p. 302). The release date was 26 October 2010, which was a great push to recovery from recession. British Airways and American Airlines are the biggest competitors. American Airlines released their commercial in May 2010, which had a primacy effect where as Virgin Atlantic Airlines gained a regency effect. The James Bond 007 Blood Stone video game was released on 5th of November 2010(IMDB, 2010). This shows that the commercial was released 10 days before the release date of the game. This strategy used by Virgin Atlantic is a very clever marketing move, as their advertisement is James Bond themed and during that period of time all sorts of media (TV, newspapers, online, word of mouth and billboards) had James Bond game advertisements. Virgin Airlines got increased attention to their advertisement by publishing their advertisement at time coinciding with Blood Stone’s release. 5) Positioning the commercial. The advertisement is transmitting through mass media as well as through new (non traditional) media (Leon. G, 2010, pp. 294-296). The commercial is played on TV where it addresses wide range of consumers (i. e. via mass media) and through YouTube where it is addressable and interactive, while response – measurable. It was also played during the flights on the Virgin Atlantic TV channel where it exclusively targets its audience (i. e. via target media). 6) Reason for the commercial. The consumer behavior consists of searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, disposing of products and services that in their belief will fulfill their wants (Leon. G, 2010, p. 23). The commercial was created in order to persuade and make aware the audience of the fact that the service being offered by the airlines is luxurious, entertaining and high-class, to convince that this kind of service will satisfy there needs. ) Perception. â€Å"Perception is defined as the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the world. †(Leon. G, 2010, p. 175) This advertisement appeals to emotional motives, which are affection, status and pride in this case (Leon. G, 2010, p. 110). The advertisements mood is sexually charged and is putting the buyer into a state of excitement by: James Bond themed music and graphics, illustrations of high-class adventure and good-looking actors in the commercial. Abraham Maslow created the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which identifies the five basic levels of human needs (Maslow, 1987). The advert is aiming to satisfy all the five needs of the potential consumer. Egoistic needs will be satisfied during the flight on these airlines, as it is illustrated as a prestigious flight. Egoistic needs include the need of good reputation, status and recognition from others, which advert convinces that the consumer will have, if he/she chooses Virgin Atlantic Airways. Need of Self-Actualization will be satisfies as shown in the advert, by flying on this flight the customer will feel self-actualized by getting high-class service which he/she deserved or earned themselves. Social Needs are to be satisfied by communication with good-looking staff. The Virgin Atlantic cabin crew was voted as the most attractive staff in the whole world by the surveys of travelers (Daily mail, 2011). Richard Branson has always stated that the appearance of the flight crew must be important in order make the customers enjoy a memorable flight. Cabin staff of Virgin Atlantic Airlines are told that: ‘You’ll be the face of the airline. As such, your grooming should always be immaculate – even after a long, tiring flight’ (Daily mail, 2011). As flying on an airplane has a small risk of security, the advert is aiming to convince that their flight is safe and is a pleasant experience where there is nothing to worry about. Physiological needs will be satisfied by the high-class food and beverage service that would be offered during the flight by good-looking staff. Air and shelter will also be present, as the designed with up to date technology. This commercial is aimed at visual consumers that prefer and take information better through visual images or messages as sources of information (Leon. G, 2010, p. 147). While watching the Virgin Atlantic advertisement repetitively on TV or Online passive learning is occurring and it changes the consumer’s attitude regarding the product (Leon. G, 2010, p. 232). The theme message delivered through this advert is: ‘Your airline’s either got it or it hasn’t’. There is a message resonance in the wording, which adds a bit of humor to it and will make the viewer remember the commercial (Leon. G, 2010, p. 301). The theme message has comparative advertising technique to it where Virgin makes the viewer compare their airlines to Virgin Atlantic (Leon. G, 2010, p. 303). The sexiness in advertising is present in order to grab the attention of the viewer (Leon. G, 2010, p. 308). The hostesses are wearing short dresses in red color and the man who is passing the security check hasn’t got underwear on. Virgin is trying to show that their flights are ‘sexy’. This technique tries to show the security the airlines provide (angel like). The flight team is very good looking and is walking with self-assurance, which adds confidence to the image of the company. The runway lines and the red carpet represents the luxurious service. | | Transition from the safety demonstration to the airplane saloon is done without editing cuts, which is very eye-catching. | | The shot of people sitting around of a pool of martini and playing with the olive, which represents entertainment, beverage and luxury the airlines offer to their customers. 9) Buying process. â€Å"The consumer decision making can be viewed as three distinct but interlocking stages: the input stage, the process stage and the output stage†(Leon. G, 2010, p. 36). This advertisement is designed in order to influence the input and process stage in order to make the consumer come to the output stage. This advert influences and increases the consumer’s recognition of the service ne ed. The information is delivered to the consumers through the marketing efforts of the commercial, which will influence not only media but also word of mouth marketing. The Psychoanalytical Theory of Personality created by Sigmund Freud explains the drivers of the output stage (Leon. G, 2010, pp. 137-139). According to Freud’s theory this commercial will affect superego and id to make the purchase. The superego will be gratified when purchasing this service because he/she will become socially and fashionably acceptable, as Virgin Atlantic flight is ‘trendy’. Id will be gratified if the consumer will make the purchase because the airlines offer the basic requirements such as food, shelter and security. The consumer will make a trial or a repeat purchase when buying this service (Leon. G, 2010, p. 497). The consumer might be new to the company or be a frequent loyal customer. 10) Involvement levels and risk perception. Involvement is a very important factor in how much attention is paid to the message sent to the viewer and how it is understood. There are different ways to measure the involvement of the viewer. There are two ways of involvement, high-risk and low-risk purchases. The higher the risk, the higher the involvement and research will be. The flight purchase is a low-involvement product and consumers prefer congruent context of the message delivered (Leon. G, 2010, p. 293). The mood of the consumer is very important, if he/she is in a bad mood, the content of the commercial might cause a bad reaction of the viewer. Psychological noise may be distracting the viewer from the commercial and the advertisement has contrast in the imagery in order to keep the viewers attention. 11) Conclusion. The advertisement created by the Virgin Atlantic airlines in my opinion was successful . The James Bond theme imageries and soundtrack had a great impact on the effectiveness of the commercial. Every time the consumer will watch James Bond movie or play a James Bond game, the commercial will subconsciously come to their mind and the other way around. The time it was released was perfect, as they needed a push to get out from the recession. The commercial had a bit too much sex advertisement in it, which may led to worse effect tan could have achieved and made the competitors (American Airlines) stand out more, as they had a touching TV commercial that gave gratitude to the men in uniform, veterans and their families. Sexual advertising may distract the consumer’s attention from the message content being sent. This technique may have a little influence on the buyers purchasing intentions and a risk of spoiling the image of the company. This advert is targeting businessman, but there is the family audience with children and generation X, which they are risking of loosing. The commercial is based mostly on emotions and only in one short scene the viewer can see the seats with the monitors. The saloons, seats and the exact food of Virgin Atlantic Airlines are not shown, but they are very important to be shown, as the consumer wants to see the comfort he/she will have during the flight. The fact that the advertisement shows a man being tucked into a cloud and not airplane seat could make an impression that the airlines are hiding something and their seats are not good enough to be shown in the advertisement. This advertisement could have been improved by focusing the viewer’s attention much more on the design of the saloon, comfortable seats and delicious food. Nonetheless, overall this was a very well executed and effective advertisement with successfully reached hearts and minds of customer.